This policy article discusses the importance of implementing Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) in Indonesia as a response to multidimensional challenges, including disasters, climate change, and poverty, which exacerbate one another. Using East Sumba Regency as a case study, the article identifies three main forms of ASP implementation: formal government programmes, community initiatives based on local wisdom, and contributions from non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The ASP approach aims not only to help the poor survive crises but also to enhance their socio-economic resilience in the long term. The article highlights major challenges such as cross-sectoral coordination, resource limitations, and data integration. To address these issues, the article recommends strengthening formal policies, developing community-based activities, and fostering strategic collaborations with NGOs. By synergising efforts among the government, communities, and NGOs, ASP is expected to become a robust and inclusive instrument, supporting sustainable development and enhancing community resilience against future risks.