This policy brief assesses the socio-economic impacts of implementing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) technology at Tempat Pembuangan Sementara Terpadu (TPST) Tamanmartani, Sleman, in addressing Indonesia’s landfill capacity challenges. The RDF project aims to reduce landfill dependency and offer environmental and socio-economic benefits. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and Likert-scale questionnaires, to analyse the social and economic impacts of the RDF plant (TPST) on affected groups, including local communities, TPST workers, and TPST management. The findings reveal that TPST has a positive influence on the community, creating stable employment for nearly 70 residents, fostering economic growth, and enhancing social cohesion. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including high operational costs and concerns related to odor. The local community advocates for sustainable operations with minimal odor, while the local government strives for an efficient and financially viable waste treatment system. TPST workers anticipate that the activation of the dryer facility will enhance operational capacity, whereas management prioritises financial sustainability and the achievement of RDF supply targets.