Despite being the world’s second-largest fish producer, Indonesia is facing the challenge of tapping marine resources sustainably while ensuring food security and social equity, as outlined in its Blue Economy Roadmap. Fisheries and aquaculture are central to the economy and the Blue Economy; however, they are burdened by overexploitation and environmental degradation. Recent initiatives, such as the Blue Food Assessment, the Food System Dashboard, Blue Finance, and efforts toward quota-based management, highlight Indonesia’s commitment to advancing the Blue Economy. To fully realize this potential, the country must strengthen labour protections, improve fisheries management and data systems, invest in cold chain logistics, engage the private sector through blended finance, and standardise blue financing criteria. By integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions, Indonesia can balance growth with sustainability, harness its fisheries sector, and advance its long-term development goals.